УВАГА! Нова платформа наукового журналу «SCIENTIA FRUCTUOSA».
Перейти за посиланням -  http://journals.knute.edu.ua/scientia-fructuosa/

WORLD TOURISM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Автор: Sveta on .

Cite as APA style citation
Mazaraki A., Tkachenko T., Gladkyj O. Svitovyj turyzm u period pandemii' COVID-19. Visnyk Kyi'vs'kogo nacional'nogo torgovel'no-ekonomichnogo universytetu. 2020. № 5. S. 27-41.

FREE FULL TEXT (PDF)
DOI:  http://doi.org/10.31617/visnik.knute.2020(133)03

UDC 004.04
JEL Classification: L83

MAZARAKI Anatolii, 
Doctor of Science (in Economics), Professor,Rector
Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
Ukraine, 02156, Kyiv, 19, Kyoto str.

E-mail: Ця електронна адреса захищена від спам-ботів. вам потрібно увімкнути JavaScript, щоб побачити її.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5283-8444
 
TKACHENKO Tetiana, 
Doctor of Science (in Economics), Professor, Head of the Department of Tourism and Recreation
Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
Ukraine, 02156, Kyiv, 19, Kyoto str.

E-mail: Ця електронна адреса захищена від спам-ботів. вам потрібно увімкнути JavaScript, щоб побачити її.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4179-5869
 
HLADKYI Oleksandr, 
Doctor of Science (in Geography), Professor, Professor of the Department of Tourism and Recreation
Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
Ukraine, 02156, Kyiv, 19, Kyoto str.

E-mail: Ця електронна адреса захищена від спам-ботів. вам потрібно увімкнути JavaScript, щоб побачити її.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0600-0832

WORLD TOURISM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Background. Tourism is one of the most affected sectors in global economy by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The introduction of hard sanitary constraints on visiting destinations has led to a sharp demand reduction for typical and related tourist services. In addition, these sanitary constraints identified negative trends in the development of domestic and international tourism in general. Significant restrictions on the functioning of the infrastructure of the tourist services market such as entertainment and recreation, public transport (including international traffic), hospitality and restaurants have affected the dyna­mics of performance of tourism entities and led to significant losses. Research on ways to restore the functioning of the tourism sector in the COVID-19 pandemic and after the remo­val of strict quarantine restrictions, as well as finding ways out of the systemic crisis, substantiation of mechanisms for regulating tourism in the new realities of the world com­munity are especially relevant.
Analysis of recent researches and publications. The works of many domestic and foreign scientists are devoted to investigations of modern tourism development problems. Thus, it is worth to note the fundamental works of M. Boiko [1], M. Bosovska [2], N. Vedmid’ [3], O. Liubitseva [4], S. Melnychenko [5], G. Mykhailychenko [6] and others.
However, the peculiarities of tourism development in the conditions of complex epide­miological situation in the world and in the context of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in scientific papers have not yet been described in detail. The analytical conclusions of the official representations of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the World Tourism& Travel Council (WTTC), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), as well as a number of journalistic mate­rials of the world news agencies CNN Travel, The Guardian, The New York Times, National Geographic magazine, and professional domestic periodicals deserve attention.
The aim of the article is to analyze the consequences of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on tourism development as well as to determine the main mechanisms for restoring of tourism sector functioning using different forecast scenarios.
The specific objectives of the article are to analyze the dynamics of tourist flows before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, to systematize the consequences of the pandemic for tourism business, to determine the prospects for tourism development in the post-quarantine period as well as to highlight the different regulatory mechanisms to ensure the functioning of tourism enterprises in pandemic frames.
Materials and methods. This investigation is based on analytical, statistical and fore­cast materials of UNWTO, WHO, OECD, WTTC. Literary, analytical, statistical, forecast­ting, comparative and geographical, modeling, and graphic methods have been used in the research.
Results. The dynamics of tourism development indicators before and during the COVID-19 pandemic has been analyzed. The positive and negative effects of quarantine in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism are presented. The forecasts for the development of tourism after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic have been made. Regulatory mechanisms for ensuring the functioning of tourism enterprises in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have been proposed.
Conclusion. The difficult epidemiological situation in the world during the pandemic of acute respiratory disease COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has formed a tendency to reduce sharply the number of international tourist arrivals and revenues from international tourism, and identified the need to introduce unprecedented restrictions on the operation of travel and leisure, tourism and recreation, entertainment and recreation, public transport, hospitality and restaurants. As a result, the development of the world tourism indu­stry has slowed down significantly. Structural crises have begun to worsen due to the sharp decline in economic development and limited sources of income and employment indicators.
Structural spatial changes of the tourist flow mainly in favor of domestic tourism are characterized by discreteness. In order to counteract the COVID-19 pandemic, international and domestic professional organizations have developed a number of recommendations for the organization of anti-epidemic measures in carrying out permitted activities, which include rules for receiving visitors and organizing the work of staff in offices, tourism, trade, catering establishments, etc.
Adherence to medical and sanitary-epidemiological recommendations, self-discipline and self-organization, administration and education will accelerate recovery from systemic crisis the tourism industry, restore the functioning of tourism enterprises in the COVID-19 pandemic, prevent the spread of epidemiological diseases and infectious diseases among tourists and population, resumption of tourism on a qualitatively new service and information basis.
Keywords: tourism, pandemic, coronavirus, COVID-19, regulatory mechanisms.

REFERENCES

  1. Mazaraki, A., Bojko, M., & Ohrimenko, A. (2018). Forsajt rozvytku nacional’noi’ turystychnoi’ systemy [Foresight of the development of the national tourist system]. Visnyk Kyi’vs’kogo nacional’nogo torgovel’no-ekonomichnogo universytetu – Herald of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, 3, 5-22 [in Ukrainian].
  2. Bosovs’ka, M. V. (2015). Integracijni procesy v turyzmi [Integration processes in tou­rism]. Kyi’v: Kyi’vs’kyj nacional’nyj torgovel’no-ekonomichnyj universytet [in Ukrainian].
  3. Bosovs’ka, M. V., Bojko, M. G., Vedmid’, N. I. et al. (2019). Mul’tyatrybutyvnyj pidhid do ocinky rezul’tatyvnosti upravlinnja integracijnymy processamy turystychnyh pidpryjemstv [Multi-attributive approach to evaluating the effectiveness of integration processes management of tourism enterprises]. Ekonomika ta derzhava – Ekonomika ta derzhava, 2, 31-35 [in Ukrainian].
  4. Ljubiceva, O. O. (2015). Geografija turyzmu v nauci, praktyci, osviti. Teoretychni I prykladni naprjamky rozvytku turyzmu ta rekreacii’ v regionah Ukrai’ny [Geography of tourism in science, practice, education. Theoretical and applied directions of tourism and recreation development in the regions of Ukraine]: materialy Vseukr. nauk.-prakt. konf. z mizhnar. uchastju, 2-3 kvit. – materials of All-Ukrainian scientific and practical conference with international participation, 2-3 April. Nedil’ko S. M (Ed.). Kirovograd: KLA NAU [in Ukrainian].
  5. Mazaraki, A., & Mel’nychenko, S. (2015). Turyzm v Ukrai’ni: vyklyky kryzy [Tourism in Ukraine: challenges of crisis]. Visnyk Kyi’vs’kogo nacional’nogo torgovel’no-ekono­michnogo universytetu – Herald of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, 2 (100), 5-15 [in Ukrainian].
  6. Myhajlichenko, G. I. (2016). Innoving v turyzmi [Innovation in tourism]. Kyi’v: Kyi’vs’kyj nacional’nyj torgovel’no-ekonomichnyj universytet [in Ukrainian].
  7. UNWTO. World Tourism Organization. Retrieved from https://www.unwto.org/news/ covid-19-international-tourist-numbers-could-fall-60-80-in-2020 [in English].
  8. UNWTO. World Tourism Organization. Retrieved from https://www.unwto.org/ tourism-covid-19 [Accessed 10 Jun. 2020] [in English].
  9. UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and Statistical Annex, August-September 2020. Retrieved from https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/10.18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.5 [Accessed 04 Oct. 2020] [in English].
  10. Opublikovany rejting i antirejting stran mira, zavisjashhih ot turizma [Rating and anti-rating of the countries of the world dependent on tourism have been published]. www.atorus.ru. Retrieved from https://www.atorus.ru/news/press-centre/new/42788.html#: ~:text=В%20нашей%20стране%2C%20как%20посчитали,%25%20от%20общего%20объема%20ВВП) [Access 08.09.2020] [in Russian].
  11. Economic Impact Reports. World Travel & Tourism Council. wttc.org. Retrieved from https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact [Accessed 08 Sep. 2020] [in English].
  12. Trade 4 Dev News (2020). COVID-19 hitting tourism hard: What does this mean for the world’s poorest countries? trade4devnews.enhancedif.org. Retrieved from https://trade4devnews.enhancedif.org/en/op-ed/covid-19-hitting-tourism-hard-what-does-mean-worlds-poorest-countries [Accessed 13 Jun. 2020] [in English].
  13. Іnfo. dyvys.info. Retrieved from https://dyvys.info/2020/05/14/turyzm-pislya-karantynu-yak-pandemiya-vplynula-na-galuz-i-zminyla-yiyi [Accessed 14.05.2020] [in English].
  14. Nationalgeographic.com (2020). How hard will the coronavirus hit the travel industry? Retrieved from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/2020/04/how-coronavirus-is-impacting-the-travel-industry [Accessed 10 Jun. 2020] [in English].
  15. OECD. (n.d.). Tourism Policy Responses to the coronavirus (COVID-19). www.oecd.org. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/tourism-policy-responses-to-the-coronavirus-covid-19-6466aa20 [Accessed 13 Jun. 2020] [in English].
  16. UNWTO Tourism Data Dashboard. UNWTO. www.unwto.org. Retrieved from https://www.unwto.org/unwto-tourism-dashboard [Accessed 10 Jun. 2020] [in English].
  17. P’jatyj kanal, Ukrai’na [Channel 5, Ukraine]. www.5.ua. Retrieved from https://www.5.ua/svit/neochikuvani-naslidky-pandemii-iak-covid-19-omolodzhuie-planetu-213781.html [vid 28.04.2020] [in Ukrainian].
  18. The New York Times (2020). Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/01/world/ europe/italy-rome-coronavirus-lockdown.html [Accessed 15 Jun. 2020] [in English].
  19. CNN Travel. buhgalter911.com. Retrieved from https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/ himalayas-visible-lockdown-india-scli-intl/index.html [Accessed 15 Jun. 2020] [in English].
  20. MOZ opublikuvalo rekomendacii’ shhodo organizacii’ roboty biznesu z 11 travnja [The Ministry of Health has published recommendations on the organization of business since May 11]. buhgalter911.com. Retrieved from https://buhgalter911.com/uk/ news/news-1050204.html?utm_source=gravitec&utm_medium=push&utm_campaign= Push:13.05.2020 [Accessed 10.06.2020] [in Ukrainian].
  21. WTTC gives global destinations stamp of approval for safety protocols. wttc.org. Retrieved from https://wttc.org/News-Article/WTTC-gives-global-destinations-stamp-of-approval-for-safety-protocols [Accessed 08 Sep. 2020 [in English].
  22. Nazvani najnebezpechnishi krai’ny dlja turyzmu v 2020 roci [The most dangerous countries for tourism in 2020 have been named] (2020). Retrieved from https://ua.korrespondent.net/ lifestyle/travel/4239328-nazvani-naibezpechnishi-krainy-dlia-turyzmu-v-2020-rotsi [Accessed 08.09.2020] [in Ukrainian].
  23. Urjadovyj portal [Government portal]. www.kmu.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://www.kmu.gov.ua/npasearch?type=acts [Accessed 28.04.2020] [in Ukrainian].